The late Florence Chadwick, a native San Diegan, was born to the water. At the age of ten, after six years of swimming defeats, she won spectacularly! Competing against senior swimmers in a two-and-a-half-mile night "rough water swim", she finished in fourth place. At eleven she won her first race in a six mile rough water swim in San Diego. Victory was all she needed. She continued to race for nineteen years throughout the United States.
Turning professional in 1945, she joined former teammate, Esther Williams and appeared in the movie, "Bathing Beauty".
In 1948 she began her training to swim the English Channel. Two years later she became the first woman to swim that body of water both ways.
While working as a stockbroker in San Diego, she was the only woman on the Board of the San Diego "Hall of Champions" Board. Her devotion to youth groups and encouragement to young people to fulfill their dreams, heralds her as a true champion.
Wednesday, May 19, 2010
Monday, May 10, 2010
cease-fires 443.cea.002 Louis J. Sheehan, Esquire
No, no, we did not feel betrayed, because after all the Americans did help us, and we also knew that they were constantly in a struggle with the Russians regarding cease-fires and giving us the space for us to fight and to turn the situation around to our benefit. But we were angry that, unlike the Russians [to the Arabs], they were not sending immediately large amounts of weapons and ammunition.
Saturday, May 1, 2010
narrower mass 9919.nar.002 Louis J. Sheehan, Esquire
The first such observation was made by an international collaboration working at the DORIS e+e-storage ring at the DESY laboratory in Ham- burg [13]. This state was named PC, and its mass was found to be about 3500 MeV. This same group [14] in collaboration with another group working at DESY later found some evidence for another possible state, which they called X, at about 1800 MeV [15]. At SPEAR, the SLAC-LBL group has identified states with masses of about 3415, 3450 and 3550 MeV, and has also confirmed the existence of the DESY 3500-MeV state. We have used the name x to distinguish the state intermediate in mass between the ψ(3095) and the ~‘(3684). To summarize these new states :
5.2. Three Methods of Search
The three methods we have used at SPEAR to search for these intermediate states are indicated schematically in Fig. 10. To begin with, the storage ring is operated at the center-of-mass energy of 3684 MeV that is required for resonant production of the y’. In the first search method, Fig. 10(a), ~1’ decays to the intermediate state then decays to the ψ through ;+ray emission; and finally the ψ decays, for example, into /‘-/(c. The muon-pair is detected along with one or both of the y-ray photons. This was the method used at DESY to find the 3500-MeV state and also by our group at SLAC to confirm this state [16]. In our apparatus at SPEAR, it will occasionally happen that one of the two ;I-ray photons converts into an e+e- pair before entering the tracking region of the detector. This allows the energy of the converting ;J-ray to be
B. Richter 295
measured very accurately, and this information can be combined with the measured momenta of the final μ+μ-pair to make a two-fold ambiguous determination of the mass of the intermediate state. The ambiguity arises from the uncertainty in knowing whether the first or the second gamma-rays in the decay cascade have been detected. It can be resolved by accumulating enough events; to determine which assumption results in the narrower mass peak. The peak associated with the second ;J-rays will be Doppler broadened because these photons are emitted from moving sources.) Figure 11 shows the alternate low- and high-mass solutions for a sample of our data [17]. There appears to be clear evidence for states at about 3.45, 3.5 and 3.55 GeV.
The second search method we have used, Fig. 10(b), involves measuring the momenta of the final-state hadrons and reconstructing the mass of the intermediate state [18]. Figure 12 shows two cases in which the effective mass of the final-state hadrons recoils against a missing mass of zero (that is, a :,-ray). In the case where 4 pions are detected, peaks are seen at about 3.4, 3.5 and 3.55 GeV. In contrast, the 2-pion or 2-kaon case shows only one clear peak at 3.4 GeV, with perhaps a hint of something at 3.55 GeV. The appearance of the 2-pion or 2-kaon decay modes indicates that the quantum numbers of the states in question must be either 0++ or 2++.
5.2. Three Methods of Search
The three methods we have used at SPEAR to search for these intermediate states are indicated schematically in Fig. 10. To begin with, the storage ring is operated at the center-of-mass energy of 3684 MeV that is required for resonant production of the y’. In the first search method, Fig. 10(a), ~1’ decays to the intermediate state then decays to the ψ through ;+ray emission; and finally the ψ decays, for example, into /‘-/(c. The muon-pair is detected along with one or both of the y-ray photons. This was the method used at DESY to find the 3500-MeV state and also by our group at SLAC to confirm this state [16]. In our apparatus at SPEAR, it will occasionally happen that one of the two ;I-ray photons converts into an e+e- pair before entering the tracking region of the detector. This allows the energy of the converting ;J-ray to be
B. Richter 295
measured very accurately, and this information can be combined with the measured momenta of the final μ+μ-pair to make a two-fold ambiguous determination of the mass of the intermediate state. The ambiguity arises from the uncertainty in knowing whether the first or the second gamma-rays in the decay cascade have been detected. It can be resolved by accumulating enough events; to determine which assumption results in the narrower mass peak. The peak associated with the second ;J-rays will be Doppler broadened because these photons are emitted from moving sources.) Figure 11 shows the alternate low- and high-mass solutions for a sample of our data [17]. There appears to be clear evidence for states at about 3.45, 3.5 and 3.55 GeV.
The second search method we have used, Fig. 10(b), involves measuring the momenta of the final-state hadrons and reconstructing the mass of the intermediate state [18]. Figure 12 shows two cases in which the effective mass of the final-state hadrons recoils against a missing mass of zero (that is, a :,-ray). In the case where 4 pions are detected, peaks are seen at about 3.4, 3.5 and 3.55 GeV. In contrast, the 2-pion or 2-kaon case shows only one clear peak at 3.4 GeV, with perhaps a hint of something at 3.55 GeV. The appearance of the 2-pion or 2-kaon decay modes indicates that the quantum numbers of the states in question must be either 0++ or 2++.
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